Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations release large amounts of reproductive, immunological, and neurological toxicants, carcinogens as well as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) into the environment that may negatively affect human health. Studies show that humans can be harmed by these chemicals released from fracking ; there is strong evidence of decreased semen quality in men, higher miscarriages in women and increased risk of birth defects in children.
Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas (UOG) operations have the potential to increase air and water pollution in communities located near UOG operations. Every stage of UOG operation from well construction to extraction, operations, transportation, and distribution can lead to air and water contamination. Hundreds of chemicals are associated with the process of unconventional oil and natural gas production. In this work, we review the scientific literature providing evidence that adult and early life exposure to chemicals associated with UOG operations can result in adverse reproductive health and developmental effects in humans. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) [including benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) and formaldehyde] and heavy metals (including arsenic, cadmium and lead) are just a few of the known contributors to reduced air and water quality that pose a threat to human developmental and reproductive health. The developing fetus is particularly sensitive to environmental factors, which include air and water pollution. Research shows that there are critical windows of vulnerability during prenatal and early postnatal development, during which chemical exposures can cause potentially permanent damage to the growing embryo and fetus. Many of the air and water pollutants found near UOG operation sites are recognized as being developmental and reproductive toxicants; therefore there is a compelling need to increase our knowledge of the potential health consequences for adults, infants, and children from these chemicals through rapid and thorough health research investigation.
Sources and more information
- Developmental and reproductive effects of chemicals associated with unconventional oil and natural gas operations, degruyter, Reviews on Environmental Health. Volume 29, Issue 4, Pages 307–318, ISSN (Online) 2191-0308, ISSN (Print) 0048-7554, DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2014-0057, December 2014. Full text PDF link and download.
- Fracking Chemicals Linked to Serious Reproductive, Developmental Health Risks, ceh, DECEMBER 5, 2014.
- Miscarriage and stillbirth linked to fracking chemical exposure, theecologist, 15th December 2014.
- Chemicals Released During Natural Gas Extraction May Harm Human Reproduction and Development, missouri.edu, Dec. 05, 2014.